![]() ![]() Latitude varies from 0 degrees (equator) to 90 degrees north and south (the poles). When you use Google Earth, the coordinate locations are in this degrees/minutes/seconds format. Latitude is also expressed in degrees, minutes, and seconds 360 degrees in a circle, 60 minutes ( ‘ ) in a degree, and 60 seconds ( ” ) in a minute. So 30 degrees north means a point that is 30 degrees north of the equator. Latitude is actually an angular measurement north or south of the equator. Many think that latitude is a line connecting points on the earth and it’s not. ![]() Examples of small circles include all lines of latitude except the equator, the Tropical of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, the Arctic Circle, and Antarctic Circle. ![]() Small circles are circles that cut the earth, but not into equal halves. Examples of great circles include the Equator, all lines of longitude, the line that divides the earth into day and night called the circle of illumination, and the plane of ecliptic, which divides the earth into equal halves along the equator. The line connecting any points along a great circle is also the shortest distance between those two points. It’s also the largest circle that can be drawn on a sphere. A great circle is any circle that divides the earth into a circumference of two equal halves. This brings up the topic of great and small circles. The plane of the equator is an imaginary horizontal line that cuts the earth into two equal halves. The poles are an imaginary line running from the axis of Earth’s rotation. Much of Earth’s grid system is based on the location of the North Pole, South Pole, and Equator. ![]()
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